orchard

First published in 1845, A. J. Downing's Fruits and Fruit Trees of America became the most influential of books about growing fruit trees and went through several editions, even after Downing's untimely death in 1852.  The book discusses orchard design from both practical and esthetic standpoints, detailing information on planting schemes, grafting techniques, and pest control.  Downing lists more than 185 apple and 230 pear cultivars - the majority first grown in America - and classifies them by best eating season.  A. J.