mathematics
Portrait of Petrus Ramus
Portrait of Paul Painlevé
Mécanique Céleste
Pierre-Simon Laplace was a mathematician who firmly believed the world was entirely deterministic. Like a man with a hammer to whom everything was a nail, to Laplace the universe was nothing but a giant problem in calculus. Laplace's Mécanique céleste (Celestial Mechanics), essentially translated Newton's geometrical study of mechanics to one based on calculus.
Algorithmus Linealis Numeratione[m]
One of the earliest treatises on calculation by the aid of counters on an abacus. In the dedication, Heinrich Stromer von Auerbach (1482-1542) refers to Aristotle and Boethius. There is a brief introduction on the use of counters or projectiles, then the work covers addition, subtraction, duplication, mediation, multiplication, division, progression, and the rule of three.
Arithmetic Simplified
A mathematical text for school use.
